Giant panda
The panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, lit. "black and white cat-foot"),[2] also known as thegiant panda to distinguish it from the unrelated red panda, is a bear[3] native to south centralChina.[1] It is easily recognized by the large, distinctive black patches around its eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. Though it belongs to the orderCarnivora, the panda's diet is 99% bamboo.[4] Pandas in the wild will occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams,shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.[5][6]The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuanprovince, but also in the Shaanxiand Gansu provinces.[7] As a result of farming, deforestationand other development, the panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.
The panda is a conservation reliant endangered species.[8] A 2007 report shows 239 pandas living in captivity inside China and another 27 outside the country.[9] Wild population estimates vary; one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals living in the wild,[9]while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000.[10] Some reports also show that the number of pandas in the wild is on the rise.[11][12]However, the IUCN does not believe there is enough certainty yet to reclassify the species from Endangered to Vulnerable.[1]
While the dragon has often served as China's national emblem, internationally the panda appears at least as commonly. As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example the five Fuwamascots of the Beijing Olympics.